Technology Documents, Papers

Chapter 18: Using Critical Realism in IS Research

2010-02-04T05:03:00.007-08:00

Chapter 18: Using Critical Realism in IS ResearchSven A. CarlssonJ�nk�ping International Business School, SwedenCopyright � 2004, Idea Group Inc. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of Idea Group Inc. is prohibited.AbstractDifferent strands of postmodern, poststructuralist, postrealist, and nonpositivistic approaches and theories have gained popularity

How to Use This Book

2010-02-04T05:03:00.005-08:00

[ Team LiB ] How to Use This BookWhether you are new to process improvement, new to CMMI, or already familiar with CMMI, this book can help you understand why CMMI is the best model to use for improving your product life-cycle processes. Readers New to Process ImprovementIf you are new to process improvement or new to the CMM® concept, we suggest that you read chapter 1, "Introduction," and the

The Java Sound API

2010-02-04T05:03:00.003-08:00

The Java Sound APISo far, I've considered the Applet play( ) method and the more useful AudioClip class. AudioClip is probably sufficient for the straightforward playing and looping of audio, as illustrated by the SoundPlayer application of the last section.The Java Sound API has more extensive playback capabilities than AudioClip because it offers low-level access to, and manipulation of, audio

Data Analysis

2010-02-04T05:03:00.001-08:00

Data AnalysisFor each instrument, five CFA models were fitted (null, one general trait only, uncorrelated methods only, correlated traits only, and traits-and-methods). Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and the presence and effects of method variance were evaluated following the procedures outlined by Widaman (1985) and Bagozzi and Yi (1990). All confirmatory factor analyses were

Recipe 8.2 Making a Web Form Print-Ready

2010-02-04T05:02:00.011-08:00

< Day Day Up > Recipe 8.2 Making a Web Form Print-ReadyProblemYou need to have a form that users canfill out online, or that they can print and then fill out offline, asshown in Figure 8-1.Figure 8-1. An online formSolutionFirst, create a print media style sheet and aclass selector that transforms theform elements so that they display black text andfeature a one-pixel border on the bottom. For

Section 6.3. Methods and Parentheses

2010-02-04T05:02:00.009-08:00

6.3. Methods and Parentheses Ruby allows parentheses to be omitted from most method invocations. In simple cases, this results in clean-looking code. In complex cases, however, it causes syntactic ambiguities and confusing corner cases. We'll consider these in the sections that follow. 6.3.1. Optional Parentheses Parentheses are omitted from method

Section 1.5. Summary

2010-02-04T05:02:00.007-08:00

1.5. SummaryWith CSS, it is possible to completely change the way elements are presented by a user agent. This can be executed at a basic level with the display property, and in a different way by associating style sheets with a document. The user will never know whether this is done via an external or embedded style sheet, or even with an inline style. The real importance of external style

Function

2010-02-04T05:02:00.005-08:00

FunctionCore JavaScript 1.0; JScript 1.0; ECMA v1a JavaScript functionConstructornew Function(argument_names..., body)This constructor was introduced in JavaScript 1.1, and has beenobsoleted by the function literal syntax of JavaScript 1.2.PropertieslengthThe number of named arguments specified when the function wasdeclared. See Arguments.length for the number ofargument

Chapter 6. Handling Temporal Data

2010-02-04T05:02:00.003-08:00

< Day Day Up > Chapter 6. Handling Temporal DataAs the old saying goes, "Time and tide wait for noman." As database developers, we may not deal withtide-related information every day, but we deal with time-relatedinformation almost every single day. The hire date of an employee,your pay day, the rent or mortgage payment date, the time durationrequired for a financial investment to mature, and

Chapter 7. Hashes

2010-02-04T05:02:00.001-08:00

Hashes > Creating HashesChapter 7. HashesA hash is an unordered collection of key-value pairs that look like this: "storm" => "tornado". A hash is similar to an Array (see Chapter 6), but instead of a default integer index starting at zero, the indexing is done with keys that can be made up from any Ruby object. In other words, you can use integer keys just like an Array, but you also have the

Appendix C. Cryptography

2010-02-04T05:01:00.033-08:00

Appendix C. CryptographyIn a book about security, cryptography is an expected topic. I have chosen to neglect cryptography in the majority of the book because its purpose is narrow, and developers need to pay attention to the big picture. Relying on encryption is often a red herring. It serves its purpose well, but encrypting something doesn't magically make an application secure.The key types

Chapter 2. Numbers

2010-02-04T05:01:00.031-08:00

Chapter 2. Numbers Section 2.0. IntroductionRecipe 2.1. Checking Whether a Variable Contains a Valid NumberRecipe 2.2. Comparing Floating-Point NumbersRecipe 2.3. Rounding Floating-Point NumbersRecipe 2.4. Operating on a Series of IntegersRecipe 2.5. Generating Random Numbers Within a RangeRecipe 2.6. Generating Biased Random

Recipe 9.17. Using Form Elements with Multiple Options

2010-02-04T05:01:00.029-08:00

Recipe 9.17. Using Form Elements with Multiple Options9.17.1. ProblemYou have form elements that let a user select multiple choices, such as a drop-down menu or a group of checkboxes, but PHP sees only one of the submitted values.9.17.2. SolutionEnd the form element's name with a pair of square brackets ([]). Example 9-28 shows a properly named group of checkboxes.Naming a checkbox group

Required, Expected, and Informative Components

2010-02-04T05:01:00.027-08:00

[ Team LiB ] Required, Expected, and Informative ComponentsProcess area components are grouped into three categories�required, expected, and informative�that reflect how to interpret them. Required ComponentsRequired components describe what an organization must achieve to satisfy a process area. This achievement must be visibly implemented in an organization's processes. The required

7.5 Rules and Restrictions on Set Operations

2010-02-04T05:01:00.025-08:00

< Day Day Up > 7.5 Rules and Restrictions on Set OperationsOther than the union compatibilityconditions discussed at the beginning of the chapter,there are some other rules and restrictions that apply to the setoperations. These rules and restrictions are described in thissection.Column names for the result set are derivedfrom the first SELECT:SELECT cust_nbr "Customer ID", name "Customer

3. Floating-Point Arithmetic

2010-02-04T05:01:00.023-08:00

< Day Day Up > 3. Floating-Point ArithmeticThis section concerns arithmetic on the floating-point types: float and double.3.1. Floating-point arithmetic is inexactPrescription: Don't use floating-point where exact results are required; instead, use an integral type or BigDecimal.Avoid floating-point loop indices.Avoid using the ++ and -- operators on floating-point variables, as these operators

4.1 Introduction

2010-02-04T05:01:00.021-08:00

Ru-Brd 4.1 IntroductionCreating instrumentation with MBeans from scratch can be time-consuming and tedious. The JMX model MBean specification[1] provides generic instrumentation that can be quickly customized for many resources. This chapter describes the model MBean in detail and provides multiple examples of its use in practice.A model MBean is a fully customizable dynamic MBean. The

Recipe 20.15. Applying a Unit Test to a Web Page

2010-02-04T05:01:00.019-08:00

Recipe 20.15. Applying a Unit Test to a Web Page20.15.1. ProblemYour application is not broken down into small testable chunks, or you just want to apply unit testing to the web site that your visitors see.20.15.2. SolutionWrite a series of unit tests around SimpleTest's WebTestCase class to test the finished output of your web site.Create a file to test something about your web site,

Program 67: Let's Play " Hide the Problem

2010-02-04T05:01:00.017-08:00

Program 67: Let's Play "Hide the Problem"The following program dumps core with a floating-point divide error on UNIX. This is puzzling because we do no floating-point operations.In order to find the problem, we've put in a few printf statements and discovered that it's happening somewhere before the function call. We can tell this because we never see the "starting" message. 1 /*****************

Section 2.7. Organizing the lounge...

2010-02-04T05:01:00.015-08:00

2.7. Organizing the lounge... Let's give the lounge site some meaningful organization now. Keep in mind there are lots of ways to organize any site; we're going to start simple and create a couple of folders for pages. We'll also group all those images into one place.loungeOur root folder is still the "lounge" folder.lounge.htmlWe're going to leave themain "lounge.html" page in the "lounge"

Chapter 18. Security and Encryption

2010-02-04T05:01:00.013-08:00

Chapter 18. Security and Encryption Section 18.0. IntroductionRecipe 18.1. Preventing Session FixationRecipe 18.2. Protecting Against Form SpoofingRecipe 18.3. Ensuring Input Is FilteredRecipe 18.4. Avoiding Cross-Site ScriptingRecipe 18.5. Eliminating SQL InjectionRecipe 18.6. Keeping Passwords Out of Your Site FilesRecipe

'RUNSTATS' Utility

2010-02-04T05:01:00.011-08:00

[ Team LiB ] RUNSTATS UtilityUpdates statistics about the physical characteristics of a table and the associated indexes. These characteristics include number of records, number of pages, and average record length. The optimizer uses these statistics when determining access paths to the data.This utility should be called when a table has had many updates, or after reorganizing a table.

Chapter 11: Migrating to RAC

2010-02-04T05:01:00.009-08:00

< Day Day Up > Chapter 11: Migrating to RAC11.1 IntroductionIn the previous chapter, we looked at the high-availability and scalability features of a clustered database solution such as RAC. RAC provides other normal features such as recoverability, manageability, and maintainability found in a stand-alone configuration of Oracle. However, availability and scalability are naturally derived from

The Simple I/O Model

2010-02-04T05:01:00.007-08:00

Programming in LuaPart III. The Standard Libraries Chapter 21. The I/O Library21.1 - The Simple I/O ModelThe simple model does all of its operations on two current files.The library initializes the current input file asthe process's standard input (stdin)and the current output file asthe process's standard output (stdout).Therefore, when we execute something like io.read(),we read a

About the Authors

2010-02-04T05:01:00.005-08:00

[ Team LiB ] About the AuthorsJames Lee (james@opensourcewebbook.com) is a hacker and Open Source advocate based in Illinois. He holds a master's degree from Northwestern University, where he can often be seen rooting for the Wildcats during football season. The founder of Onsight (www.onsight.com), he has worked as a programmer, trainer, manager, writer and Open Source advocate. He is the

Using the Configuration Advisor

2010-02-04T05:01:00.003-08:00

[ Team LiB ] Using the Configuration AdvisorThe DB2 Configuration Advisor helps you tune performance and balance memory requirements for a single database per instance by suggesting which configuration parameters to modify and providing suggested values for them.NoteMany configuration parameters come with default values but may need to be updated to achieve optimal performance for your database

INSIDE MATURITY LEVEL 1

2010-02-04T05:01:00.001-08:00

INSIDE MATURITY LEVEL 1Xerox is the kind of company where it’s easy to wake up one day and find that you’ve been working there for 10 or 20 years. However, unlike many of my peers at Xerox, I spent much of my professional life with the company, but not all of it. Prior to working for Xerox, I worked for Grumman, Lockheed, Unisys, The Travelers, and for myself. I had experiences with which I could

Cursor Variables

2010-02-04T04:59:00.011-08:00

Cursor VariablesAs mentioned in the earlier section, "Introducing Cursors," an explicit cursor once declared was associated with a specific query—only the one specific query that was known at compile time. In this way, the cursor declared was static and couldn't be changed at runtime. It always pointed to the same work area until the execution of the program completed. However, you may sometimes

Recipe 1.15. Wrapping Text at a Certain Line Length

2010-02-04T04:59:00.009-08:00

Recipe 1.15. Wrapping Text at a Certain Line Length1.15.1. ProblemYou need to wrap lines in a string. For example, you want to display text in

tags but have it stay within a regularly sized browser window.1.15.2. SolutionUse wordwrap( ) :

Duplicating Data CDs with X-CD-Roast

2010-02-04T04:59:00.007-08:00

DuplicatingData CDs with X-CD-RoastThis is really very easy. I'm sure it can bedone from the command line, but X-CD-Roast is just so darn easy that I haven'tgotten around to learning to do it the hard way (you've read my disclaimerabout this already). Basically, just throw the CD to be copied into theCD-R/CD-RW drive, and bring up xcdroast (as root, mind you). Then select the class=docemphasis1>

Using Persistent JobStores

2010-02-04T04:59:00.005-08:00

Using Persistent JobStoresIn many ways, JobStores that use memory for storage and those that use some form of long-term persistence share similar traits. This shouldn't be that surprising because they both serve the same purpose.As with RAMJobStore, persistent JobStores have both advantages and disadvantages. You should be careful to understand the pros and cons before choosing a persistent

Error Handling with the C API

2010-02-04T04:59:00.003-08:00

Programming in LuaPart IV. The C API Chapter 24. An Overview of the C API24.3 - Error Handling with the C APIUnlike C++ or Java,the C language does not offer an exception handling mechanism.To ameliorate this difficulty,Lua uses the setjmp facility from C,which results in a mechanism similar to exception handling.(If you compile Lua with C++,it is not difficult to change the code so

Chapter 9. XML and .NET

2010-02-04T04:59:00.001-08:00

[ Team LiB ] Chapter 9. XML and .NETIN THIS CHAPTER An Overview of XMLXML Classes in .NETExtending SQL Server with SQLXML 3.0 and IISUsing XML, XSLT, and SQLXML to Create a ReportSometime in the recent, or not so recent, past you almost certainly have encountered some example or use of the eXtensible Markup Language (XML). In fact, installing either VS.NET or Common Language Runtime (CLR)

Section 5.3. <img>: it's not just relative links anymore

2010-02-04T04:58:00.015-08:00

5.3. : it's not just relative links anymoreThe src attribute can be used for more than just relative links; you can also put a URL in your src attribute. Images are stored on Web servers right alongside HTML pages, so every image on the Web has its own URL, just like Web pages do.You'll generally want to use a URL for an image if you're pointing to an image at a different Web site (remember,

System Management Facilities

2010-02-04T04:58:00.013-08:00

[ Team LiB ] System Management FacilitiesDB2 provides many facilities in addition to the Control Center to aid in the management of a large, diverse database system. You can administer database clients from one central location, perform database administration tasks remotely from a client workstation, monitor database activity, spread databases across multiple file systems, force users off the

Day 18

2010-02-04T04:58:00.011-08:00

[ Team LiB ] Day 181: What are the possible sources of data that can be registered for replication?A1: To save time when registering replication sources, you can set up a source object profile ahead of time for the Capture control server. When you register a table, the Replication Center then uses the defaults that you defined in the source

Automatic Storage Management (ASM)

2010-02-04T04:58:00.009-08:00

< Day Day Up > Automatic Storage Management (ASM)Automatic Storage Management, or ASM, is another new Oracle Database 10g feature that revolutionizes the way Oracle and the HA DBA manage database files. ASM combines volume management with the concept of Oracle managed files to allow the HA DBA to create a database comprised of datafiles that are not only self-managed, but also the I/O is

Endnotes

2010-02-04T04:58:00.007-08:00

Endnotes1 The studies listed in this section are provided as examples and are not a thorough listing of structuration studies in the IS or organization sciences. For extensive reviews of the literature on structuration in IS research, see Walsham and Han (1991), Contractor and Seibold (1993), Jones (1999), and Pozzebon and Pinsonneault (2002).2 An important exception is Giddens' (1990, 1997)

Section 2.2. The Elements of Open Source Maturity

2010-02-04T04:58:00.005-08:00

2.2. The Elements of Open Source MaturityAs mentioned previously, the elements of open source maturity are direct indicators of the potential difficulties you can encounter when using open source. The specific elements of open source maturity we will discuss are:Leadership and cultureVitality of communityQuality of end-user supportExtent and scope of documentationQuality of

3.3 Design Guidelines

2010-02-04T04:58:00.003-08:00

Ru-Brd 3.3 Design GuidelinesMBeans are Java classes, so all the normal rules of good class design apply directly to their design. There are, however, a few special considerations to keep in mind when you're designing MBeans to represent resources:Keep the management interfaces for similar resources similar. Creating radically different interfaces for resources that aren't that different will

7.4 JMX Connectors

2010-02-04T04:58:00.001-08:00

Ru-Brd 7.4 JMX ConnectorsThe current JMX specification is scoped to define a management infrastructure that exists in a single JVM. The specification only hints at how remote programs can access these agent services and request that operations be performed on managed resources from outside of the agent's JVM. The mechanism described in the JMX specification is a connector object that exposes an

Maintaining Bufferpools

2010-02-04T04:57:00.017-08:00

[ Team LiB ] Maintaining Bufferpools Creating BufferpoolsBufferpools can be defined in 4 K, 8 K, 16 K, or 32 K page sizes. The page size used depends on the page size(s) of the tablespace(s) assigned to the bufferpool. Larger page sizes will be used when table row widths (number of bytes) exceed the capacity of the smaller page sizes. It is good and common practice to limit any given database

Chapter 8. Padding, Borders, and Margins

2010-02-04T04:57:00.015-08:00

Chapter 8. Padding, Borders, and MarginsIf you're like the vast majority of web designers who were working in the late 1990s, your pages all use tables for layout. You design them this way, of course, because tables can be used to create sidebars and to set up a complicated structure for an entire page's appearance. You might even use tables for simpler tasks, like putting text in a colored box

Section 2.2. Generating Some Class

2010-02-04T04:57:00.013-08:00

2.2. Generating Some Class Our mapping contains information about both the database and the Java class between which it maps. We can use it to help us create both. Let's look at the class first. 2.2.1. How do I do that? The Hibernate Tools you installed in Chapter 1 included a tool that can write Java source matching the specifications in a

Section 10.1. Formatting Output with sprintf

2010-02-04T04:57:00.011-08:00

More Fun with Ruby > Formatting Output with sprintfChapter 10. More Fun with RubyIt's time to explore beyond the basics and move into some other areas of Ruby. Here you'll learn how to use the sprintf method to format output, process or generate XML with REXML or XML Builder, use reflection methods, use RubyGems, create documentation with RDoc, and do some error handling. You'll even do a little

Recipe 3.12. Accounting for Daylight Savings Time

2010-02-04T04:57:00.009-08:00

Recipe 3.12. Accounting for Daylight Savings Time3.12.1. ProblemYou need to make sure your time calculations properly consider DST.3.12.2. SolutionIf you're using PHP 5.1.0 or later, set the appropriate time zone with date_default_timezone_set( ). These time zones are DST-aware. Example 3-34 uses date_default_timezone_set( ) to print out an appropriately DST-formatted time string.Handling DST

Recipe 7.14. Accessing Overridden Methods

2010-02-04T04:57:00.007-08:00

Recipe 7.14. Accessing Overridden Methods7.14.1. ProblemYou want to access a method in the parent class that's been overridden in the child.7.14.2. SolutionPrefix parent:: to the method name:class shape { function draw() { // write to screen }}class circle extends shape { function draw($origin, $radius) { // validate data if ($radius > 0) { parent::draw();

Ability to Perform

2010-02-04T04:57:00.005-08:00

[ Team LiB ] Ability to PerformGP 2.2 Plan the ProcessEstablish and maintain the plan for performing the causal analysis and resolution process. ElaborationThis plan for performing the causal analysis and resolution process may be included in (or referenced by) the project plan, which is described in the Project Planning process area. This plan differs from the action proposals and associated

How Clustering Works in Quartz

2010-02-04T04:57:00.003-08:00

How Clustering Works in QuartzEach node in a Quartz cluster is a separate Quartz application that is managed independently of the other nodes. This means that you must start and stop each node individually. Unlike clustering in many application servers, the separate Quartz nodes do not communicate with one another or with an administration node. (Future versions of Quartz will be designed so that

Section 11.12. Reading Resources from JAR Files

2010-02-04T04:57:00.001-08:00

11.12. Reading Resources from JAR Files JAR files aren't just for classes. Any other resource a program needs can be stored there as well: sounds, pictures, text files, property lists, and more. They can be read using the same input streams and output streams we've been talking about since Chapter 1. The difference is that instead of getting those streams using constructors connected to the

Section 2.2. WHERE to the Rescue

2010-01-25T08:18:00.023-08:00

2.2 WHERE to the RescueHopefully, these scenarios give you some insight into theutility of the WHERE clause, including the ability to:Filter out unwanted data from a query's result set.Isolate one or more rows of a table for modification.Conditionally join two or more data sets together.To see how these things are accomplished, let's adda WHERE clause to the previous

Section 1.23. Giving Starbuzz some style...

2010-01-25T08:18:00.021-08:00

1.23. Giving Starbuzz some style...Now that you've got a